Heat gain and loss through windows accounts for up to 50% of a home’s heating and cooling needs. Many technological improvements have been made in recent years that have advanced the insulating quality of windows including:
Improved Window Materials
Advances in window technology such as double glazing and low-e coatings substantially reduce heat loss and gains.
Improved Framing Materials
Low conductance materials, such as wood, vinyl, and fiberglass perform better than aluminum. Look for “thermal breaks” where aluminum frames are used in heating-dominated climates to avoid condensation. Insulated frames, including insulating spacers between glazings, also perform better than uninsulated frames.
Air Tightness
High-performance or advanced windows need to be sealed around framing and other gaps that may exist. Caulks, foams, and weather-stripping work well to keep drafts out.
High-performance, energy-efficient windows can offer you:
Quieter home interior — multiple panes and insulated frames block outside noise.
Reduced fading of curtains, furniture, and flooring — low-emissivity (solar window) coatings can block up to 98% of UV rays.
Reduced utility bills — houses lose less heat in winter and absorb less heat in summer.
Improved quality windows are made from better-quality materials easier to operate and carry extended warranties.
Windows typically comprise 10–25% of a home’s exterior wall area, and account for 25–50% of the heating and cooling needs, depending on the climate. Thus, it is critical to consider high-performance, energy-efficient windows when constructing a new home.
http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=new_homes_features.hm_f_advanced_windows